Raven Whitener-Patterson
Professor V
English 101
May 13, 2022
Mass Incarceration of Minorities in the United States
This argumentive essay will describe the mass incarceration of minorities in the United States. My argument will describe this problem with guaranteed evidence and come up with possible solutions at the end of the paper. Critics are becoming increasingly concerned about the proportion of minorities in incarceration or on probation. Over the last four decades, the United States has imprisoned millions of individuals through extraneous and inappropriate practices. “Mass Incarceration of the minorities in the United States” is not a debatable thesis because it does not assert a position. Many people would agree that it has been happening, and due to this, it is high time that this action is overhauled because it puts undue constraints on the minorities in the United States.
Contrary to popular opinion, this is race-related, as most of these policy initiatives ensured that minority groups were imprisoned for extended periods than their white counterparts for minor offenses (Sykes et al.). This racist origin can be traced back to the arrival of the very first slave ship in the United States. However, the first significant incarceration surge occurred following the American Civil War. It is common knowledge that the Civil War occurred more than four decades ago. For several minorities, this implied being liberated as an enslaved person only to be apprehended and reclassified as an enslaved person. This is an attempt to suggest that mass incarceration occurs in the United States of America.
The United States’ legal system was, at first, and continues to be distorted. The Confederacy is an accurate depiction of the racist roots of the United States and how anti-American the Confederacy had been. The phrase “mass incarceration” was invented in the 1970’s to characterize a period in which men were detained in alarmingly significant masses. Former US President Richard Nixon oversaw the wars on drugs and violence throughout his presidency. At the first glimpse, which appears to be a good thing, but when you dig a bit deeper into his true motivations, it is quite revealing.
Throughout this period, people had the Black Panthers, groups fighting for human liberties, women’s rights, and gay rights. Nixon started to feel the need to challenge these groups, so participating in such demonstrations was much more probable to result in arrest—for breaking the law that is not a crime. He lied to the public by naming it “the war on crime.” According to the latest stats, Blacks are treated disproportionately, affecting white society (Pepper). Furthermore, this theoretical physicist linked racial differences in the judicial system to prison sentences, police enforcement, or punishment patterns.
Moreover, racial differences are linked in criminal justice to jail terms, aggressive policing, or sanctions trends. The United States is the world’s largest racially and religiously diverse country (Ray). Surprisingly, racial minorities (Hispanic and Black) make up the smallest inhabitants, but most are in jails. This seeks to describe the plausible variables impacting the enforcement of laws, confinement, or jail sentences of minority people more so than white people have evoked various responses from socioeconomic critiques.
The mass confinement of minority people in the United States, as compared to other cultural minorities, is linked to racial inequality and class variables. These components are visible in the accumulation of black people in law enforcement instead of white. Law, police enforcement, punishment, confinement, and decisions made by the criminal law headquarters appear to favor Black confinement over white prison sentences. States with a white majority arrest and imprison more Black people than states with a white majority (Nelson). The United States frequently believe that disciplinary actions against black will stop the violence. In the United States, black people are imprisoned at a greater rate than white people. Some critics argue that this trend explains the restrictive methods of controlling the Black. Furthermore, treatment in incarceration tends to construct cultural prejudice.
In addition, long-term neurological consequences of mass incarceration contribute to a scope of health problems, including mental health abnormalities, diabetes, breathing problems, high blood pressure, HIV, and Hepatitis C (Woollett et al.). Although less well studied, mass incarceration can impact infant mortality both straight and indirectly. While its real impacts are well, its secondary impacts are widespread and harmful but go primarily unnoticed. When incarcerated, a person may face an enhanced risk of sexual violence and infectious illness, damage to interaction with household and networks, and shock caused by punitive custodial guidelines and measures.
Also, the main reason for Black hyper incarceration (particularly Black men) is the current societal group decision to become harsher. These hard laws, implemented for all Americans, could only be preserved because of the dual legal system that arose from the country’s racist heritage. That is, through inequitable application of law, race enabled society to avert the trade-off between humanity’s “demand” to toughen up on violence and its “demand” to maintain individual freedoms (Zhang et al.). In simple terms, by tying offenses to sample traits (such as ethnic background or religious allegiance), a large percentage of civilization could pass tough-on-crime initiatives without bearing the heavy brunt of these initiatives, allowing these laws to be continuously updated.
Criminal law initiatives have an impact on the sentences meted out to lawbreakers. For more than three decades, the harsher criminal law policies focused on the Black. Criminal justice processes are an intentional attempt to link violent acts to racial minorities (Black and Latino) to gain public support for violence prevention policy initiatives by instilling ethical anxiety about violent acts and fear of risk to the minorities. Also, through felon marginalization laws, incarceration results in the deficit of a people’s capacity to engage in the democratic system and, eventually, citizenship. People in prison, on probation, or on parole are banned from voting. While many jurisdictions have established guidelines for repairing voting prerogatives to ex-offenders, these processes are so burdensome that many do not strive to reinstate their authority.
Lastly, expanding further results, many legislators have attempted to reform their punishments and juvenile detention regulations in recent years to reduce the mass incarceration of minorities. This discrimination is determined by the social upbringings of white and Black people. Because most Black people are poor, they are more likely to commit a felony than white people. Furthermore, a narcotic and linked crime law exposes more Black people to murder than white people. While the goal of these regulations is to stop criminals, a few opponents assert that the purpose next to their formation was systematic racism. Other evidence suggests that mass incarceration of Black people has a greater effect on how Black people break laws than race-based stigmatization.
In conclusion, to undo the destruction performed and proceed beyond our racial history, we must first inform and educate ourselves about race and then dedicate our culture to investing in sociocultural activities directed at at-risk youngsters. To accomplish the income justice that King battled for before his death, we must also guarantee uniqueness among criminal justice specialists. Although mass incarceration initiatives have lately earned a lot of publicity, failing to identify our forefathers’ heritage of racism and its links to economic exploitation will only consequence in the ongoing reimagining of Jim Crow.
Works Cited
Nelson, Jennifer L. “How Organizational Minorities Form And Use Social Ties: Evidence From Teachers In Majority-White And Majority-Black Schools.” American Journal of Sociology, vol 125, no. 2, 2019, pp. 382-430. University Of Chicago Press, doi: 10.1086/705158.
Pepper, Andrew. “‘Complex’ Crime Fiction and the Politics of Ongoing-Ness: Don Winslow’s War against Endings.” Crime Fiction Studies, vol 1, no. 1, 2020, pp. 130-145. Edinburgh University Press, doi:10.3366/cfs.2020.0011.
Ray, Achintya. “Racial Disparities in Pre-Tax Wages and Salaries in Largest Metropolitan Areas in the United States.” Business Ethics and Leadership, vol 5, no. 3, 2021. Sumy State University, doi:10.21272/bel.5 (3).61-68.2021.
Sykes, Bryan L. et al. “Mass Incarceration and Inmate Mortality in the United States—Death by Design?” JAMA Network Open, vol 4, no. 12, 2021, p. e2140349. American Medical Association (AMA), doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.40349.
Woollett, Nataly, et al. “Identifying Risks for Mental Health Problems in HIV Positive Adolescents Accessing HIV Treatment in Johannesburg.” Journal of Child &Amp; Adolescent Mental Health, vol 29, no. 1, 2017, pp. 11-26. National Inquiry Services Center (NISC), doi:10.2989/17280583.2017.1283320.
Zhang, Dalong, et al. “Reducing the Excessive Evaporative Demand Improved the Water-Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber by Regulating the Trade-Off between Irrigation Demand and Plant Productivity.” Hortscience, vol 53, no. 12, 2018, pp. 1784-1790. American Society for Horticultural Science, doi: 10.21273/hortsci13129-18.
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