1. (10 pts) You are interested in learning how widespread vaccine hesitancy is in rural communities in America, and reasons for that vaccine hesitancy. You have received a grant to survey 1,000 individuals to gain data on this topic.
a) What key criteria must you meet in order to generalize your survey results to the total rural US population?
b) What are some challenges you would expect to face in collecting this data?
c) List at least 5 questions you would ask as part of this survey
2. (10 pts) For each of the following scenarios identify (if applicable): 1) what the sample is, 2) what the population is, 3) what variable we are estimating 4) the value of that variable (if applicable), 5) whether the sample was randomly drawn or not. Explain your answer for each part.
(a) A polling company wants to determine the approval rate for the Australian Prime Minister by state. They have the complete set of phone numbers of all adults who live in the state of South Australia. To conduct the poll, they randomly order the list and call every 1000th name. Assume everyone answers the phone and gives a response to the question: “Do you approve of the job the Prime Minister is doing?” Of the 1,200 respondents, 700 say that they do approve.
(b) You are attempting to determine what percent of Americans are in favor of the Jefferson Memorial on the National Mall. You stand nearby and observe who is reading the inscriptions on the memorial. You decide whom to interview based on a random number generator on your phone that guarantees each person who is reading the inscriptions has a 20% chance of being interviewed. Through this process you conduct 150 interviews. 70 respondents say that they do not support the monument.
(c) A university administrator wants to determine what fraction of currently enrolled students are foreign born. They have access to a database of all students by various income groups. They determine that amongst the lowest income quartile 10% are foreign born, amongst the second quartile 15% are foreign born, amongst the 3rd quartile 10% are foreign both and among the highest quartile 20 percent are foreign born.
3. (6 pts) For each of the following, indicate when you would use a sample statistic or a population statistic. Explain why and clearly state any assumptions you are making
a. You want to calculate the average age of sanitation workers in Detroit using city records
b. Your professor is calculating the mean scores for midterm exams for SMPA 6242
c. You are running a clinical trial with 100 participants of a drug to combat Alzheimer’s disease and want to know the mean improvement in cognition tests for the typical person with Alzheimer’s disease in the U.S.
d. Using U.S. Census data, you want to know average household income.
e. You want to know the percent of American’s that support the President’s handling of the Covid crisis
f. Explain the difference in calculations between sample and population means, medians, and standard deviations. Show the formulas.
4. (10 pts) Using the US Macro data from last week, complete the following tasks in Stata. Please upload your .do file (if you cannot upload your .do file, you can copy and paste the code as part of your homework submission). Make sure to submit your graphs as part of your homework submission (word or pdf), not as separate files.
a. The variable “UNRATE” shows the U.S. unemployment rate for every data year. What is the mean and median unemployment rate? In how many years was the unemployment rate greater than 6? Does this surprise you given what you found about the mean and median?
b. Create a box and whisker plot of UNRATE variable. What does this tell you about outliers? Does what you see align with what you found in part a? Why or why not?
c. Now create a histogram of the same data. What does this tell you about outliers?
d. Which graph do you prefer? Which feels more useful for this data?
5. (4 pts) Read Chapter 10 from the book Naked statistics
Write a 1-3 paragraph response. Some possible questions to get you going:
What stood out to you when you were reading? What was surprising? What felt obvious to you? What questions do you still have and what remains unclear to you? How can you apply this to your future work? Does anything you read make you want to do something differently in the future? How can you apply this to your journalistic/comms work?
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