How Organizations Make Decisions

Please choose one of the discussion topics listed below and respond to that topic thread. Each initial post should include a minimum of two full paragraphs of discussion including citations in APA format and examples to illustrate your points.  In addition, please make sure you include citations in APA format to support your points

1. Assessing organizational effectiveness?

What is the difference between organizational efficiency and effectiveness? What are some ways of assessing effectiveness? Comment specifically on the strengths and weaknesses of at least two of the following approaches to organizational effectiveness. (Choose from a. goal approach, b. systems resource approach, c. participant satisfaction model, d. human resource approach, e. stakeholder approach, f. competing values approach). Please include at least one example to help illustrate your analysis.

2. Are public organizations distinct?

Are the goals of public organizations distinct from other types of organizations? Do you believe that public organizations are inherently less effective than other kinds of organizations? Why or why not? Has your thinking about assessing the goals and effectiveness changed since the first week of the course? Explain by drawing upon course concepts and examples.

3. How do organizations make decisions?

Scholars have proposed different models of organizational decision-making. Choose two of the following theories and compare and contrast them. Discuss the assumptions that underly each theory, the process of decision-making, and an example. (Choose from rational, incremental, satisfying, and garbage can decision-making).

Reference for the reading assignment:

Rainey, H. G. (2014). Understanding and managing public organizations (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.